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itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item name">模拟题四</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item name">浏览器：前端路由实现</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_jdIR theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_TmEX"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_Fzxq">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>前端路由实现</h1><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="相关问题">相关问题<a class="hash-link" href="#相关问题" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ul><li>路由是什么</li><li>前端路由的实现方式和实现原理</li><li>前端路由和服务端路由的区别</li><li>前端路由的优势</li><li>前端路由的不足</li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="回答关键点">回答关键点<a class="hash-link" href="#回答关键点" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p><code>路由</code> <code>Hash 路由</code> <code>History 路由</code> <code>无刷新</code> <code>SPA（Single-page application，单页面 Web 应用）</code></p><blockquote><p>路由（routing）就是通过互联的网络把信息从源地址传输到目的地址的活动。 —— 维基百科</p></blockquote><p>对于 Web 开发来说，路由的实质是 URL 到对应的处理程序的映射。</p><p>Web 路由既可以由服务端，也可以由前端实现。其中前端路由根据实现方式的不同，可以分为 <strong>Hash 路由</strong> 和 <strong>History 路由</strong>。</p><p>前端路由对于服务端路由来说，最显著的特点是页面可以在无刷新的情况下进行页面的切换。基于前端路由的这一特点，诞生了一种<strong>无刷新</strong>的单页应用开发模式 <strong>SPA</strong>。SPA 通过前端路由避免了页面的切换打断用户体验，让 Web 应用的体验更接近一个桌面应用程序。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="知识点深入">知识点深入<a class="hash-link" href="#知识点深入" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>前端路由根据具体实现方式的不同，可以分为 <strong>Hash 路由</strong> 和 <strong>History 路由</strong> 两种，这两种实现方式各有其优势和局限性。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="1-hash-路由">1. Hash 路由<a class="hash-link" href="#1-hash-路由" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>一个 URI 的组成如下所示。其中的 fragment 部分就是 Hash 路由所读取的内容。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_I0IT theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_wNvx" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_jd64 thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_mRuA"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> \_/ \______________/\_________/ \_________/ \__/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> | | | | |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> scheme authority path query fragment</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> | _____________________|__</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> / \ / \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> urn:example:animal:ferret:nose</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="copyButton_eDfN clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_W9eQ" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_XEyF" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_i9w9" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div><p>fragment 本质是用来标识次级资源，fragment 有以下特点：</p><ul><li>修改 fragment 的内容不会触发网页重载。</li><li>修改 fragment 的内容会改变浏览器的历史记录。</li><li>修改 fragment 的内容会触发浏览器的 onhashchange 事件。</li></ul><p>基于 fragment 的以上特点，可实现基于 Hash 的前端路由。</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="11-实现原理">1.1 实现原理<a class="hash-link" href="#11-实现原理" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>我们可以通过监听 hashchange 事件来监听页面 hash 的变化，通过解析 hash 的值来切换页面。示例如下：</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_I0IT language-javascript theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_wNvx" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_jd64 thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_mRuA"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * 解析 hash</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @param hash</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @returns</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">parseHash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">hash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 去除 # 号</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> hash </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> hash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">replace</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-source language-regex" style="color:#36acaa">^#</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">""</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 简单解析示例</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> parsed </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> hash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">split</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 返回 hash 的 path 和 query</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">pathname</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> parsed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">search</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> parsed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * 监听 hash 变化</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @returns</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onHashChange</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 解析 hash</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pathname</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> search </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">parseHash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">location</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">hash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 切换页面内容</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">switch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">pathname</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/home"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">document</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">innerHTML</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string html language-html">Hello </span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation">search</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">window</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">addEventListener</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"hashchange"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> onHashChange</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="copyButton_eDfN clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_W9eQ" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_XEyF" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_i9w9" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="12-优缺点">1.2 优缺点<a class="hash-link" href="#12-优缺点" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>Hash 路由由于通过监听 hash 变化实现，所以有以下优势和不足：</p><p><strong>优点</strong></p><ol><li>兼容性最佳。</li><li>无需服务端配置。</li></ol><p><strong>缺点</strong></p><ol><li>服务端无法获取 hash 部分内容。</li><li>可能和锚点功能冲突。</li><li>SEO 不友好。</li></ol><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="2-history-路由">2. History 路由<a class="hash-link" href="#2-history-路由" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Hash 路由是一个相对“Hack”的方式，利用了 fragment 来实现路由功能。而 History 路由则是通过浏览器原生提供的操作 History 的能力来实现的路由功能。</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="21-实现原理">2.1 实现原理<a class="hash-link" href="#21-实现原理" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>History 路由核心主要依赖 History API 里的两个方法和一个事件，其中两个方法用于操作浏览器的历史记录，事件用于监听历史记录的切换：</p><p><strong>方法</strong></p><ul><li>history.pushState：将给定的 Data 添加到当前标签页的历史记录栈中。</li><li>history.replaceState：将给定的 Data 更新到历史记录栈中最新的一条记录中。</li></ul><p><strong>事件</strong></p><ul><li>popstate：监听历史记录的变化。</li></ul><p>通过以上 API 即可实现一个前端路由，示例如下：</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_I0IT language-javascript theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_wNvx" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_jd64 thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_mRuA"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * 监听 history 变化</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @returns</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onHistoryChange</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 解析 location</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pathname</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> search </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">location</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 根据页面不同执行不同内容</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">switch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">pathname</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/home"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">document</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">innerHTML</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string html language-html">Hello </span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation">search</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">replace</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation regex regex-source language-regex" style="color:#36acaa">^\?</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation"> </span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">""</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string html language-html interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">document</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">innerHTML</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string html language-html">Hello World</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * 页面跳转</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @returns</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">pushState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">target</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> history</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">pushState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">""</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> target</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onHistoryChange</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 3 秒后路由跳转</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">pushState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/home?name=HZFEStudio"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 6 秒后返回</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> history</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">back</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">6000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">window</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">addEventListener</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"popstate"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> onHistoryChange</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="copyButton_eDfN clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_W9eQ" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_XEyF" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_i9w9" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="22-优缺点">2.2 优缺点<a class="hash-link" href="#22-优缺点" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>History 路由由于通过 History API 实现，所以有以下优势和不足：</p><p><strong>优点</strong></p><ol><li>服务端可获取完整的链接和参数。</li><li>前端监控友好。</li><li>SEO 相对 Hash 路由友好。</li></ol><p><strong>缺点</strong></p><ol><li>兼容性稍弱。</li><li>需要服务端额外配置（各 path 均指向同一个 HTML）。</li></ol><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="3-前端路由的优缺点">3. 前端路由的优缺点<a class="hash-link" href="#3-前端路由的优缺点" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>前端路由是前后端分离的开发模式的产物，对比服务端路由，前端路由的实现方式有以下优势和不足：</p><p><strong>优点</strong></p><ol><li>无刷新切换内容，用户体验更佳。</li><li>减轻服务端压力。</li></ol><p><strong>缺点</strong></p><ol><li>初次加载耗时长。</li><li>SEO 效果不佳。</li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="参考资料">参考资料<a class="hash-link" href="#参考资料" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/hashchange_event" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Window: hashchange event</a></li></ol></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book3/topic-white-screen-optimization"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">综合：如何减少白屏的时间</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book4/browser-local-storage"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">浏览器：本地存储方式及场景</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_cNA8 thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#相关问题" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">相关问题</a></li><li><a href="#回答关键点" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">回答关键点</a></li><li><a href="#知识点深入" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">知识点深入</a><ul><li><a href="#1-hash-路由" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">1. Hash 路由</a><ul><li><a href="#11-实现原理" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">1.1 实现原理</a></li><li><a href="#12-优缺点" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">1.2 优缺点</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#2-history-路由" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">2. History 路由</a><ul><li><a href="#21-实现原理" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">2.1 实现原理</a></li><li><a href="#22-优缺点" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">2.2 优缺点</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#3-前端路由的优缺点" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3. 前端路由的优缺点</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#参考资料" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">参考资料</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="react-utterences"><div>Loading script...</div></div></div><div class="col col--3"></div></div></div></main></div></div></div>
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