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to heading">#</a></h2><p><code>复用性</code></p><p>HOC / Render Props / Hooks 三种写法都可以<strong>提高代码的复用性</strong>，但实现方法不同：HOC 是对传入的组件进行增强后，返回新的组件给开发者；Render Props 是指将一个返回 React 组件的函数，作为 prop 传给另一个 React 组件的共享代码的技术；Hooks 是 React 提供的一组 API，使开发者可以在不编写 class 的情况下使用 state 和其他 React 特性。</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="知识点深入"></a>知识点深入<a class="hash-link" href="#知识点深入" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="1-hoc-higher-order-component即高阶组件"></a>1. HOC （Higher Order Component，即高阶组件）<a class="hash-link" href="#1-hoc-higher-order-component即高阶组件" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>HOC 是 React 中复用代码的编程模式。具体来说，高阶组件是一个纯函数，它接收一个组件并返回一个新的组件。常见例子：React Redux 的 connect，将 Redux Store 和 React 组件联系起来。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// react-redux connect 例子</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">ConnectedMyComponent</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">connect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">mapState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token maybe-class-name">MyComponent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly jsx"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 实现一个简单的 HOC 例子</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">logProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">WrappedComponent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">extends</span><span class="token plain"> React</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Component </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">componentDidUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prevProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Current props: "</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">props</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Previous props: "</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> prevProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">render</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">WrappedComponent</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag spread punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag spread punctuation" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token tag spread attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">this</span><span class="token tag spread punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag spread attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">props</span><span class="token tag spread punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="2-render-props"></a>2. Render Props<a class="hash-link" href="#2-render-props" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Render Props 是 React 中复用代码的编程模式。主要解决组件逻辑相同而渲染规则不同的复用问题。常见例子：React Router 中，自定义 render 函数，按需使用 routeProps 来渲染业务组件。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token maybe-class-name">ReactDOM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">render</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Router</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Route</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> path</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/home"</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> render</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">routeProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">div</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Customize</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">HZFE</span><span class="token plain">'s </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">routeProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">location</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">pathname</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain">div</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Router</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> node</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="3-react-hooks"></a>3. React Hooks<a class="hash-link" href="#3-react-hooks" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>React Hooks 是 React 16.8 引入的一组 API。开发者可以在不使用 class 写法的情况下，借助 Hooks 在纯函数组件中使用状态和其他 React 功能。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">Example</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">count</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setCount</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">div</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">p</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token maybe-class-name">You</span><span class="token plain"> clicked </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">count</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> times</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain">p</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">button onClick</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setCount</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">count </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">+</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Click</span><span class="token plain"> me</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain">button</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain">div</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="4-hoc-vs-render-props-vs-hooks"></a>4. HOC vs Render Props vs Hooks<a class="hash-link" href="#4-hoc-vs-render-props-vs-hooks" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="痛点"></a>痛点<a class="hash-link" href="#痛点" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>在实际业务快速迭代过程中，组件常出现大量重复性工作，少量个性化定制的需求，如果不遵循 DRY（Don't Repeat Yourself）的规则，会造成项目臃肿和难以维护的问题。但在许多情况下，无法对含有状态逻辑的组件进一步拆分。因此在没有 React Hooks 前，存在使用 HOC / Render Props 进行重构的方案。</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="方案优劣"></a>方案优劣<a class="hash-link" href="#方案优劣" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>为辅助理解，可参考以下图片。图中所示为下拉列表功能的三种不同实现，相比于使用一个 Class 来书写下拉列表的所有功能，这三种方案都对组件进行了功能拆解，提高了代码的复用性。
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（<a href="https://medium.com/simply/comparison-hocs-vs-render-props-vs-hooks-55f9ffcd5dc6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">代码来源</a>）</p><p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/17002181/125330248-194da900-e379-11eb-8bab-4fdcec795fb1.png" alt="image"></p><ul><li><p><strong>复用性</strong></p><p>HOC、Render Props、Hooks 都有提高代码复用性的能力，但根据其设计模式上的差别，适用范围也会有所差异：HOC 基于单一功能原则，对传入组件进行增强；Render Props 复用数据源，按需渲染 UI；Hooks 对于不同场景的复用都有较好的普适性。</p></li><li><p><strong>可读性 / 易用性</strong></p><p><strong>HOC 可读性差，易用性差。</strong></p><p>HOC 写法看似简洁，但开发者无法通过阅读 HOC 的调用辨别出方法的作用：看不到接收和返回的结构，增加调试和修复问题的成本；进行多个 HOC 组合使用时，不能确定使用顺序且有命名空间冲突风险，需要了解每个 HOC 的具体实现，难以维护。不建议过度使用 HOC，但比较适合不需要个性化开发定制时使用：常见于第三方库提供 HOC 类型的 API 给开发者进行功能增强。</p><p><strong>Render Props 可读性较好，易用性强。</strong></p><p>代码相对冗长，但能清晰看到组件接收的 props 以及传递的功能等，可以对 props 属性重命名，不会有命名冲突。但难以在 render 函数外使用数据源，且容易形成嵌套地狱。</p><p><strong>Hooks 可读性强，易用性较好。</strong></p><p>使用 Hooks 时，能清晰看到组件接收的 props 以及传递的功能等，可以对 props 属性重命名，不会有命名冲突，不存在嵌套地狱，且没有数据源获取及使用范围的限制。但 Hooks 编程应遵循函数式编程的实践，否则 Hooks 所需的依赖数组的处理会造成较大的心智负担。</p></li></ul><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3R7-" id="参考资料"></a>参考资料<a class="hash-link" href="#参考资料" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Introducing Hooks</a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/simply/comparison-hocs-vs-render-props-vs-hooks-55f9ffcd5dc6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Comparison: HOCs vs Render Props vs Hooks</a></li></ol></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book2/frame-react-fiber"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« 框架：React Fiber 的作用和原理</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book2/js-inherite"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">基础：ES5、ES6 如何实现继承 »</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_35-E thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#相关问题" class="table-of-contents__link">相关问题</a></li><li><a href="#回答关键点" class="table-of-contents__link">回答关键点</a></li><li><a href="#知识点深入" class="table-of-contents__link">知识点深入</a><ul><li><a href="#1-hoc-higher-order-component即高阶组件" class="table-of-contents__link">1. HOC （Higher Order Component，即高阶组件）</a></li><li><a href="#2-render-props" class="table-of-contents__link">2. Render Props</a></li><li><a href="#3-react-hooks" class="table-of-contents__link">3. React Hooks</a></li><li><a href="#4-hoc-vs-render-props-vs-hooks" class="table-of-contents__link">4. HOC vs Render Props vs Hooks</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#参考资料" class="table-of-contents__link">参考资料</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="react-utterences"><div>Loading script...</div></div></div><div class="col col--3"></div></div></div></main></div></div></div>
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