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class="breadcrumbs__link">模拟题二</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">算法：反转链表</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>反转链表</h1><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="题目描述">题目描述<a href="#题目描述" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 题目描述" title="Direct link to 题目描述"></a></h2><p>定义一个函数，输入一个链表的头节点，反转该链表并输出反转后链表的头节点。</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15681693/137571934-63ebc223-0a1f-4cf5-8217-1a4644aff2e3.png" alt="反转链表" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>示例：</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">输入: 1->2->3->4->5->NULL</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">输出: 5->4->3->2->1->NULL</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="解法一迭代双指针">解法一：迭代（双指针）<a href="#解法一迭代双指针" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 解法一：迭代（双指针）" title="Direct link to 解法一：迭代（双指针）"></a></h2><p><a href="https://codesandbox.io/s/hzfe-suanfa-omcjw?file=/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在线链接</a></p><p>本方法是对链表进行遍历，然后在访问各节点时修改 next 的指向，达到反转链表的目的。</p><ol><li>初始化 cur 和 pre 两个节点，分别指向 head 和 null。</li><li>对链表进行循环，声明 temp 节点用来保存当前节点的下一个节点。</li><li>修改当前节点 cur 的 next 指针指向为 pre 节点。</li><li>pre 节点修改为 cur 节点。</li><li>cur 节点修改为 temp 节点。</li><li>继续进行处理，直到 cur 节点为 null，返回 pre 节点。</li></ol><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * Definition for singly-linked list.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * function ListNode(val) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * this.val = val;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * this.next = null;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @param {ListNode} head</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @return {ListNode}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">reverseList</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> cur </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 正向链表的头指针</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> pre </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 反向链表的头指针</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">while</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">cur</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> temp </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> cur</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 暂存当前节点的后续节点，用于更新正向链表</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> cur</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> pre</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 将当前节点指向反向链表，这是一个建立反向链接的过程</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> pre </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> cur</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 更新反向链表的头指针为当前已处理的节点，反向链表的该轮构建完成</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> cur </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> temp</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 将正向链表头指针替换为暂存的节点，正向链表处理完成，开始下一轮处理</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> pre</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="复杂度分析">复杂度分析<a href="#复杂度分析" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 复杂度分析" title="Direct link to 复杂度分析"></a></h3><ul><li>时间复杂度 O(N)：遍历链表使用线性大小时间。</li><li>空间复杂度 O(1)：变量 pre 和 cur 使用常数大小额外空间。</li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="解法二递归">解法二：递归<a href="#解法二递归" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 解法二：递归" title="Direct link to 解法二：递归"></a></h2><p><a href="https://codesandbox.io/s/hzfe-suan-fa-fan-zhuan-lian-biao-di-gui-fa-forked-my3i4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在线链接</a></p><p>当使用递归对链表进行处理时，从链表的第一个节点出发，然后找到最后一个节点，该节点就是反转链表的头结点，然后进行回溯处理。</p><ol><li>初始链表的头结点，head 标识。</li><li>如果 head 为空或者 head.next 为空，返回 head。</li><li>定义 reverseHead 节点，保存反转的链表值。</li><li>每次让 head 下一个节点的 next 指向 head，形成反转。</li><li>递归处理到最后一个节点，返回 reverseHead。</li></ol><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * Definition for singly-linked list.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * function ListNode(val) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * this.val = val;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * this.next = null;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @param {ListNode} head</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @return {ListNode}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">reverseList</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 判断当前节点是否还需要处理</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">head </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 递归处理后续节点</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> reverseHead </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">reverseList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 局部反转节点</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> head</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">next</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> reverseHead</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="复杂度分析-1">复杂度分析：<a href="#复杂度分析-1" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 复杂度分析：" title="Direct link to 复杂度分析："></a></h3><ul><li>时间复杂度 O(N)：n 是链表的长度，需要对链表的每个节点进行反转操作。</li><li>空间复杂度 O(N)：n 是链表的长度，空间复杂度主要取决于递归调用的栈空间，最多为 n 层。</li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="参考资料">参考资料<a href="#参考资料" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 参考资料" title="Direct link to 参考资料"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://book.douban.com/subject/6966465/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">剑指 offer</a></li></ol></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/awesome-interview/book2/coding-throttle-debounce"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">编码：实现节流防抖函数</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/awesome-interview/book2/topic-multi-pics-site-optimize"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">综合：多图站点性能优化</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#题目描述" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">题目描述</a></li><li><a href="#解法一迭代双指针" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">解法一：迭代（双指针）</a><ul><li><a href="#复杂度分析" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">复杂度分析</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#解法二递归" class="table-of-contents__link 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