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padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_3FnS"><div class="docItemContainer_33ec"><article><div class="tocCollapsible_1PrD tocMobile_3Hoh"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_2O1e">On this page</button></div><div class="markdown"><header><h1>将列表还原为树状结构</h1></header><p>需求来源分析:</p><p>在需要存储树结构的情况下,一般由于使用的关系型数据库(如 MySQL),是以类似表格的扁平化方式存储数据。因此不会直接将树结构存储在数据库中,通常是通过邻接表、路径枚举、嵌套集或闭包表来存储。</p><p>其中,邻接表是最常用的方案之一,其存储模型如下:</p><table><thead><tr><th>id</th><th>pid</th><th>data</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>a</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>b</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>c</td></tr></tbody></table><p>该模型代表了如下的树状结构:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> children</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'c'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>大部分情况下,会交给应用程序来构造树结构。</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="典型题目"></a>典型题目<a class="hash-link" href="#典型题目" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> list </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"2-1"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"2-2"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">4</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"3-1"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"3-2"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">4</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">6</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"4-1"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="解法"></a>解法<a class="hash-link" href="#解法" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="解法一"></a>解法一<a class="hash-link" href="#解法一" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>递归解法:该方法简单易懂,从根节点出发,每一轮迭代找到 pid 为当前节点 id 的节点,作为当前节点的 children,递归进行。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">listToTree</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> pid </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> idName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> pidName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"pid"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> childName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"children"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">root</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 遍历每一项,如果该项与当前 pid 匹配,则递归构建该项的子树</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">pidName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> pid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> children </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">listToTree</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">idName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">children</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> children</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>时间复杂度分析:最坏的情况下,这棵树退化为链表,且倒序排列。每一轮迭代需要在最后面才找到目标节点。假设有 n 个元素,那么总迭代次数为 <code>n+(n-1) + (n-2) + ... + 1</code>,时间复杂度为 O(n^2)。</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="解法二"></a>解法二<a class="hash-link" href="#解法二" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>迭代法:利用对象在 js 中是引用类型的原理。第一轮遍历将所有的项,将项的 id 与项自身在字典中建立映射,为后面的立即访问做好准备。
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由于操作的每一项都是对象,结果集 root 中的每一项和字典中相同 id 对应的项实际上指向的是同一块数据。后续的遍历中,直接对字典进行操作,操作同时会反应到 root 中。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">listToTree</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> rootId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> idName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> pidName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"pid"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> childName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"children"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> record </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 用空间换时间,用于将所有项的 id 及自身记录到字典中</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> root </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">idName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 记录 id 与项的映射</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">pidName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> rootId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">push</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 由于持有的是引用,record 中相关元素的修改,会在反映在 root 中。</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">pidName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">push</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>record 字典 与 root 结果集的参考内存引用关系如图所示:</p><p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4338052/129750250-f447f56b-4342-4130-b82f-af017bd7c3c7.png" alt="image"></p><p>时间复杂度分析:经历了两轮迭代,假设有 n 个元素,那么总迭代次数为 <code>n + n</code>,时间复杂度为 O(n)。</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="解法二变体"></a>解法二变体<a class="hash-link" href="#解法二变体" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="变体一"></a>变体一<a class="hash-link" href="#变体一" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>在解法二的基础上,将两轮迭代合并成一轮迭代。采用边迭代边构建的方式:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">listToTree</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> rootId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> idName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> pidName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"pid"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> childName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"children"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> record </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 用空间换时间,用于将所有项的 id 及自身记录到字典中</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> root </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">idName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> parentId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">pidName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 如果该项不在 record 中,则放入 record。如果该项已存在 (可能由别的项构建 pid 加入),则合并该项和已存在的数据</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> item </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> treeItem </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">parentId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> rootId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 如果是根元素,则加入结果集</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">push</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">treeItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 如果父元素不存在,则初始化父元素</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 如果父元素没有 children, 则初始化</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">push</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">treeItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>时间复杂度分析:经历了一轮迭代,假设有 n 个元素,那么时间复杂度为 O(n)。</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="变体二"></a>变体二<a class="hash-link" href="#变体二" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>record 字典仅记录 id 与 children 的映射关系,代码更精简:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_K1bP"><div class="codeBlockContent_hGly js"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_23N8 thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_39YC"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">listToTree</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> rootId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> idName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> pidName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"pid"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> childName </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"children"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> record </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 用空间换时间,仅用于记录 children</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> root </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> newItem </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">assign</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 如有需要,可以复制 item ,可以不影响 list 中原有的元素。</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> newItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">idName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> parentId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> newItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">pidName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 如果当前 id 的 children 已存在,则加入 children 字段中,否则,初始化 children</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// item 与 record[id] 引用同一份 children,后续迭代中更新 record[parendId] 就会反映到 item 中</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> newItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">childName</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
|
||
</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">parentId </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> rootId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">push</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">newItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> record</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">parentId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">push</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">newItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block">
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</span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_Ue-o clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>时间复杂度分析:经历了一轮迭代,假设有 n 个元素,那么时间复杂度为 O(n)。</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithStickyNavbar_31ik" id="代码演示及总结"></a>代码演示及总结<a class="hash-link" href="#代码演示及总结" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p><a href="https://codesandbox.io/s/practical-sun-vo4yi?file=/src/App.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Code Sandbox - List to Tree</a></p><ul><li>递归法:在数据量增大的时候,性能会急剧下降。好处是可以在构建树的过程中,给节点添加层级信息。</li><li>迭代法:速度快。但如果想要不影响源数据,需要在 record 中存储一份复制的数据,且无法在构建的过程中得知节点的层级信息,需要构建完后再次深度优先遍历获取。</li><li>迭代法变体一:按需创建 children,可以避免空的 children 列表。</li></ul></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book3/network-http-1-2"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« 网络:HTTP2 和 HTTP1.1 的对比</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book3/algorithm-binary-tree-k"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">算法:二叉搜索树的第 k 个结点 »</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_35-E thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#典型题目" class="table-of-contents__link">典型题目</a></li><li><a href="#解法" class="table-of-contents__link">解法</a><ul><li><a href="#解法一" class="table-of-contents__link">解法一</a></li><li><a href="#解法二" class="table-of-contents__link">解法二</a></li><li><a href="#解法二变体" class="table-of-contents__link">解法二变体</a></li><li><a href="#代码演示及总结" class="table-of-contents__link">代码演示及总结</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="react-utterences"><div>Loading script...</div></div></div><div class="col col--3"></div></div></div></main></div></div></div>
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