1 line
28 KiB
JavaScript
1 line
28 KiB
JavaScript
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\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u3002 \u2013\u300aHTTP \u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\u300b")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"\u5f53\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u540e\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff081024 < \u7aef\u53e3 < 65535\uff09\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aHTTP \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ea6\u5b9a 80 \u7aef\u53e3\uff0cHTTPS \u4e3a 443 \u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb TCP \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"31-\u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b"},"3.1 \u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"}," ----------------------------------\n 7| \u5e94\u7528\u5c42 | | HTTP |\n\n 6| \u8868\u793a\u5c42 | \u5e94\u7528\u5c42 |\n\n 5| \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42 | | |\n ---------------------------------\n 4| \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42 | \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42 | TCP TLS |\n ---------------------------------\n 3| \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42 | \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42 | IP |\n ---------------------------------\n 2| \u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\n | \u94fe\u8def\u5c42\n 1| \u7269\u7406\u5c42\n --------------------------------\n \xa0 [OSI] | [TCP/IP]\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"32-tcp-\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b"},"3.2 TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"# SYN \u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0cTCP \u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a SYN \u5305\u7684\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\n# TCP \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u53eb\u505a\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54 ACK\n\n \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefA\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aefB\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\n SYN(=j) // SYN: A \u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\n A ----------\x3e B\n |\n SYN(=j+1) | // ACK: B \u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54 A \u7684 SYN\n SYN(=k) | // SYN: B \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SYN\n A <-----------\n |\n | ACK(=k+1)\n -----------\x3e B // ACK: A \u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54 B \u7684\u5305\n\n")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001 SYN \u5305\uff08seq = j\uff09\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_SEND \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 SYN \u5305\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u5ba2\u6237\u7684 SYN\uff08ACK = k + 1\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SYN \u5305\uff08seq = k\uff09\uff0c\u5373 SYN+ACK \u5305\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_RECV \u72b6\u6001\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SYN+ACK \u5305\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u5305 ACK\uff08ACK = k + 1\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165 ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3002")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"4-tls-\u534f\u5546"},"4. TLS \u534f\u5546"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("img",{parentName:"p",src:"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15681693/125198502-bbe02c00-e294-11eb-8764-1e4674977b40.png",alt:"TLS\u534f\u5546"})),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 HTTP \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728 TCP \u4e0e HTTP \u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u505a\u52a0\u5bc6\u53ca\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002HTTPS \u4f7f\u7528 SSL\uff08Secure Socket Layer\uff09 \u548c TLS\uff08Transport Layer Security\uff09 \u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"SSL"),(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u9014\u88ab\u7a83\u53d6\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002"))),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"TLS"),(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u7531\u4e24\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\uff1aTLS \u8bb0\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff08TLS Record\uff09\u548c TLS \u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae\uff08TLS Handshake\uff09\u3002\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c42\u4e3a TLS \u8bb0\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 TCP\uff09\u4e0a\u9762\u3002")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"41-tls-\u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae"},"4.1 TLS \u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("img",{parentName:"p",src:"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/17002181/131222941-02fc347d-32c1-41ff-80b1-4f47a23f833f.png",alt:"TLS\u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae"})),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a client hello \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684 SSL/TLS \u7248\u672c\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u968f\u673a\u6570 A\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a server hello \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u534f\u5546\u91c7\u7528\u7684 SSL/TLS \u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff1b\u4f1a\u8bdd ID\uff1b\u968f\u673a\u6570 B\uff1b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66 serverCA\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a client certificate request\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6821\u9a8c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1b\u6821\u9a8c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u968f\u673a\u6570 C\uff0c\u8be5\u968f\u673a\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a pre-master-key\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86 client certificate request\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570 clientRandom \u968f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66 clientCA \u4e00\u5e76\u53d1\u51fa\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6821\u9a8c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570 clientRandom \u89e3\u5bc6\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u968f\u673a\u6570 A/\u968f\u673a\u6570 B/\u968f\u673a\u6570 C\uff08pre-master-key\uff09 \u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u6001\u5bc6\u94a5 master-key\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u4e2a finish \u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u81f3\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6839\u636e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u751f\u6210 master-key\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u4e2a finish \u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u81f3\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u5bc6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5747\u91c7\u7528 master-key \u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u3002")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"5-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94"},"5. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"\u5f53\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5230 web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u7684 HTTP GET \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a HTML \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a HTTP \u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u5173\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c HTML \u6b63\u6587\u3002"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-HTML"},'<html>\n <head>\n <meta charset="UTF-8"/>\n <title>\u6211\u7684\u535a\u5ba2</title>\n <link rel="stylesheet" src="styles.css"/>\n <scrIPt src="index.js"><\/scrIPt>\n</head>\n<body>\n <h1 class="heading">\u9996\u9875</h1>\n <p>A paragraph with a <a href="https://hzfe.org/">link</a></p>\n <scrIPt src="index.js"><\/scrIPt>\n</body>\n</html>\n')),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"51-\u72b6\u6001\u7801"},"5.1 \u72b6\u6001\u7801"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u7531 3 \u4f4d\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u4e94\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u503c"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"1xx\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"2xx\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u2014\u2014\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u63a5\u53d7"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"3xx\uff1a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u2014\u2014\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u8bf7\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"4xx\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u8bf7\u6c42\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"5xx\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"52-\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5"},"5.2 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