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<script src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9889934432771967" async crossorigin="anonymous"></script><title data-rh="true">浏览器从输入网址到页面展示的过程 | HZFE - 剑指前端 Offer</title><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://febook.hzfe.org/awesome-interview/book1/topic-enter-url-display-xx"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="浏览器从输入网址到页面展示的过程 | HZFE - 剑指前端 Offer"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="回答关键点"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="回答关键点"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/awesome-interview/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://febook.hzfe.org/awesome-interview/book1/topic-enter-url-display-xx"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://febook.hzfe.org/awesome-interview/book1/topic-enter-url-display-xx" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://febook.hzfe.org/awesome-interview/book1/topic-enter-url-display-xx" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://PED5MQGL7T-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/awesome-interview/assets/css/styles.62902d4b.css">
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<img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15681693/131242424-462d98ac-3e6b-4004-b494-8e29efc584c3.png" alt="TCP 四次挥手" class="img_E7b_"></p><ol><li>主动关闭方发送一个 FIN，用来关闭主动方到被动关闭方的数据传送，也就是主动关闭方告诉被动关闭方：我已经不会再给你发数据了（在 FIN 包之前发送出去的数据，如果没有收到对应的 ACK 确认报文，主动关闭方依然会重发这些数据），但此时主动关闭方还可以接受数据。</li><li>被动关闭方收到 FIN 包后，发送一个 ACK 给对方，确认序号为收到序号+1（与 SYN 相同，一个 FIN 占用一个序号）。</li><li>被动关闭方发送一个 FIN，用来关闭被动关闭方到主动关闭方的数据传送，也就是告诉主动关闭方，我的数据也发送完了，不会再给你发数据了。</li><li>主动关闭方收到 FIN 后，发送一个 ACK 给被动关闭方，确认序号为收到序号+1，至此，完成四次挥手。</li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_R0VQ" id="参考资料">参考资料<a class="hash-link" href="#参考资料" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="HTTPS://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Performance/How_browsers_work" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How_browsers_work</a></li><li><a href="HTTPS://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMTokenList" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DOMTokenList</a></li><li><a href="HTTP://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/09/illustration-ssl.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">图解 SSL/TLS 协议 </a></li><li><a href="HTTPS://zh.wikIPedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DNS 域名系统</a></li></ol></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book1/algorithm-balanced-binary-trees"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">算法：平衡二叉树</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/awesome-interview/book2/browser-render-mechanism"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">浏览器：浏览器渲染机制</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_cNA8 thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#回答关键点" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">回答关键点</a></li><li><a href="#知识点深入" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">知识点深入</a><ul><li><a href="#1-url-输入" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">1. URL 输入</a></li><li><a href="#2-dnsdomain-name-system解析" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">2. DNS（Domain Name System）解析</a></li><li><a href="#3-建立-tcp-连接" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3. 建立 TCP 连接</a><ul><li><a href="#31-分层模型" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3.1 分层模型</a></li><li><a href="#32-tcp-三次握手" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3.2 TCP 三次握手</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#4-tls-协商" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">4. TLS 协商</a><ul><li><a href="#41-tls-握手协议" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">4.1 TLS 握手协议</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#5-服务器响应" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">5. 服务器响应</a><ul><li><a href="#51-状态码" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">5.1 状态码</a></li><li><a href="#52-常见的请求头和字段" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">5.2 常见的请求头和字段</a></li><li><a href="#53-http-响应报文" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">5.3 HTTP 响应报文</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#6-浏览器解析并
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